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What is doping ?
Society of Sports Pharmacy
Doping refers to the act of an athlete using prohibited substances (drugs) or methods to enhance their performance . Because this poses a serious threat to the fairness of sports and the health of athletes, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) strictly prohibit it.
Definition of doping
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) defines doping as:
Prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Code
All acts of using , possessing , evading , or manipulating a substance or method
In other words, not only taking a prohibited substance, but also avoiding testing, providing it to others, or concealing it are considered doping violations.
Types of doping
1.
Prohibited Substances
Drugs used for illicit purposes, such as artificially enhancing athletic performance, weight control, or pain reduction, fall into the following categories:
Classification | Example |
S1. Anabolic Steroids | Testosterone, stanozolol, etc. |
S2. Peptide hormones and their analogs | Growth hormone (hGH), EPO, etc. |
S3. Beta-2 agonist | Salbutamol, formoterol, etc. |
S4. Hormones and Metabolic Regulators | Aromatase inhibitors, etc. |
S5. Diuretics and masking agents | Furosemide, etc. |
S6. Stimulants (excitants) | Amphetamine, methylphenidate, etc. |
S7. Drugs | Morphine, oxycodone, etc. |
S8. Cannabinoids | THC, etc. |
S9. Glucocorticoids | Prohibited for oral and injection administration |
2.
Prohibited Methods
Even without the use of drugs, technical acts of artificially manipulating bodily functions or manipulating test results are also considered doping.
Classification | Detail |
M1. Blood doping | Manipulation of oxygen transport capacity, such as blood transfusions and EPO use |
M2. Chemical and physical manipulation | Urine manipulation, use of concealing agents, etc. |
M3. Gene doping | Genetic manipulation such as gene injection |
3.
Technological Doping
The act of unfairly enhancing performance by using unauthorized equipment, techniques, or physical aids . Examples:
•
Cycle with built-in motor
•
Non-standard suits and shoes (e.g. with built-in carbon plates)
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Use of electronic stimulators, etc.
※ Technical doping is managed according to the technical regulations of each sports organization in addition to WADA regulations.
The problem with doping
•
Violation of fairness : The balance of competition is broken, undermining the essence of sports.
•
Health risks : Side effects such as cardiovascular problems, hormonal imbalances, and mental illness.
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Social stigma : Serious damages, including suspension of qualifications, loss of reputation, and career interruption, if discovered.
The key to preventing doping
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Constantly check the list of prohibited substances (revised annually by WADA)
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Consult a professional before taking any suspected medication (especially a sports pharmacist).
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Supplements can also be a source of doping → Choose certified products (Informed Choice, NSF, etc.)
Definition of a player
1.
Definition of an athlete under the World Anti-Doping Code (WADC) and domestic law
•
WADC Basic Definition: Persons participating in sports at an international level as defined by International Federations (IFs) or National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADOs).
•
Definition under domestic law (National Sports Promotion Act): A person 'registered' as an athlete with a sports organization.
Persons registered for the purpose of athletic activities, such as participating in competitions
2.
Classification of competition personnel (a general term encompassing players, coaches, referees, and player management staff)
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Player: Competition participation and competition
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Leader: Coaching activities such as manager, coach, etc.
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Referee: Operation of game rules and rulings
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Athlete Management Officer: Fitness and Health Management (Physical Therapist, Medical Trainer, Sports Pharmacist, etc.)